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Introduction to castles & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; ..3 1.
Introduction to castles…………………………………………..32. Palaces of England & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; .
.. .5 2. Palaces of England…………………………………………… … .
5a ) Dover & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; … 5 a ) Dover…………………………………………………… ..
. 5B ) Warwick & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; ..
6 B ) Warwick…………………………………………………..6degree Celsius ) Leeds & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; … 8 degree Celsius ) Leeds…………………………………………………… ..
. 83. Medieval besieging & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; 10 3. Medieval siege…………………………………………………104. Palaces with shades & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; & # 8230 ; …
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Palaces with ghosts………………………………………… … ..12Introduction TO CASTLES INTRODUCTION TO CASTLESBritain is strewn with ruins of palaces, debris from the centuries of her being. Palaces are touchable relics of a singular yesteryear, a drawn-out heritage etched in rock, every bit good as with the blood and perspiration of those who built, labored, fought, and died in their shadow. Ruins stir up in us a profound consciousness of those past lives.
Palaces have a eternity that is amazing. That they have endured centuries of warfare and the effects of conditions is a testimony to the creativeness and power of their medieval proprietors. How many of us will hold such durable success? Britain is strewn with ruins of palaces, debris from the centuries of her being.
Palaces are touchable relics of a singular yesteryear, a drawn-out heritage etched in rock, every bit good as with the blood and perspiration of those who built, labored, fought, and died in their shadow. Ruins stir up in us a profound consciousness of those past lives. Palaces have a eternity that is amazing. That they have endured centuries of warfare and the effects of conditions is a testimony to the creativeness and power of their medieval proprietors.
How many of us will hold such durable success?As with gardens palaces have had countless books written about them citing design, manners, ages and so on. I think that one or two notes are helpful in separating the assorted types and the logical development. The palaces that we use as our criterion are those built between the 11th and 16th centuries in Great Britain and Northern Europe. The English palace whose design was imported from Normandy following the Norman invasion of 1066 was basically defensive. The Normans had to keep down a combatant conquered people and their manner was to construct a web of palaces. William the Conqueror has a ring established around London, including Rochester, Windsor and Berkampstead. These in concurrence with the Tower of London – the White Tower so – acted as a screen around the capital. As with gardens palaces have had countless books written about them citing design, manners, ages and so on.
I think that one or two notes are helpful in separating the assorted types and the logical development. The palaces that we use as our criterion are those built between the 11th and 16th centuries in Great Britain and Northern Europe. The English palace whose design was imported from Normandy following the Norman invasion of 1066 was basically defensive.
The Normans had to keep down a combatant conquered people and their manner was to construct a web of palaces. William the Conqueror has a ring established around London, including Rochester, Windsor and Berkampstead. These in concurrence with the Tower of London – the White Tower so – acted as a screen around the capital.As it was said these palaces were basically defensive, designed to protect the Norman households who were granted the land by William. They originally consisted of a hill of Earth thrown up with a tower or ‘keep ‘ on top, perchance surrounded by a palisade around the underside and in bend often surrounded by a fosse.
The palisade contained the Bailey. The support was non populating quarters usually but a last line of defence in instance of onslaught and the chief life country was the Bailey where the Lord had a comfy hall and where there were houses for his soldiers and considerations and their households, stallss for the animate beings every bit good as the assorted necessary service edifices, blacksmith, farrier, armorer, etc. In the instance of sustained attack the whole countryside include villagers and their animals could be taken into the Bailey for protection and in desperate necessity the whole would be withdrawn into the support. As it was said these palaces were basically defensive, designed to protect the Norman households who were granted the land by William. They originally consisted of a hill of Earth thrown up with a tower or ‘keep ‘ on top, perchance surrounded by a palisade around the underside and in bend often surrounded by a fosse. The palisade contained the Bailey. The support was non populating quarters usually but a last line of defence in instance of onslaught and the chief life country was the Bailey where the Lord had a comfy hall and where there were houses for his soldiers and considerations and their households, stallss for the animate beings every bit good as the assorted necessary service edifices, blacksmith, farrier, armorer, etc.
In the instance of sustained attack the whole countryside include villagers and their animals could be taken into the Bailey for protection and in desperate necessity the whole would be withdrawn into the support.Originally because of the urgency needed to acquire them erected these constructions were of wood but, as they were vulnerable to fire, rather shortly the King insisted that they be built of rock. One of the first of these was the White Tower in the centre of the Tower of London.
These more significant edifices shortly became place to the Lord and his considerations. It is an maxim of military design that each betterment in design creates its ain devastation as the aggressor shortly learns to get the better of the latest engineering. Thus castle edifice became a ne’er stoping plan of updating to make defensive protection. The support had its ain drape wall with watchtowers. These were originally built square but it was shortly found that it was easy for an aggressor to utilize the square form to protect himself against guardians and besides undermine the corners of the tower. A corner would be undermined and the whole country filled with wooden props to back up it. Then pigskins filled with oil and fat would be placed in the pit and enkindled. As the fires destroyed the props so the tower crumbled.
An illustration of this can be seen at Rochester where the undermining of one square corner tower is rather clear before it was rebuilt as unit of ammunition tower.Castle edifice grew apace and it became necessary to protect the original drape wall with its ain wall culminating in palaces like the Tower of London where there are several homocentric rings. England became more settled and by the center of the 15th century in Southern and Middle England except for the King and powerful barons the smaller landholder had found that a more peaceable state made the castle unneeded. He had had found the palace drafty, cold and uncomfortable and created ‘fortified manor house ‘ . This still had strong walls for defence but besides had larger Windowss and more doors while the inside was of wood, instead than rock, to do the whole heater and a less confrontational design. From so on we get the development of the ‘stately place ‘ and palace without any defensive capablenesss and from these in bend produced the great Tudor sign of the zodiacs of which Hatfield House and Penshurst Place are typical and in which defence has no portion. Peace was now assumed and the history of English palace edifice reached its terminal.In the North of England it was non so easy and until the reign of Henry VIII there were still border onslaughts.
The palaces remained strong and good defended until good into the 16th century. Thus for 100s of old ages the Duke of Northumberland remained influential as much because of the soldiers he could rally as his personality.
CASTLES OF ENGLANDCapital of delawareLocation: KentWhen William the Conqueror defeated Harold II at Hastings he headed towards Dover where the Angle-Saxons had already raised a burh. William improved this munition by raising a motte-and-bailey. Dover Castle has the most monolithic tower in Britain, an about 100-foot regular hexahedron with walls from 17 to 21 pess thick.
In 1216 the palace was besieged by Louis, boy of the Gallic male monarch but saved when Louis returned to France.Overlooking Dover Harbour, the shortest sea-route to the Continent it barred the manner of anybody seeking to occupy England. Early in the nineteenth century Napoleon stood face-to-face on the drops of Calais and through his telescope surveyed Dover. With the British naval forces commanding the seas and the steep drops beneath the palace he decided against an invasion of England, instantly turned unit of ammunition and invaded Russia alternatively. Hitler followed the same form and once more after contemplating the job decided to occupy Russia alternatively. Beneath the palace are the secret wartime transitions where the emptying of Dunkirk and the Channel sea conflict was controlled.Warwick Castle
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SOURSES SOURSES1. www.castles.org2.
www.castles-of-britain.com3. www.
castlesofengland.com4. www.heartofeurope.com